연락처 : UU 이메일 : sunny.hardesty@gmail.com

An incandescent mild bulb, also known as an incandescent lamp or incandescent mild globe, is an electric light that produces illumination by Joule heating a filament till it glows. The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb that is either evacuated or full of inert gas to guard the filament from oxidation. Electric current is provided to the filament by terminals or wires embedded in the glass. A bulb socket provides mechanical help and electrical connections. Incandescent bulbs are manufactured in a variety of sizes, gentle output, and voltage rankings, from 1.5 volts to about 300 volts. They require no external regulating gear, have low manufacturing prices, and work equally well on both alternating present or direct present. Because of this, the incandescent bulb became widely utilized in household and commercial lighting, for portable lighting corresponding to table lamps, automobile headlamps, and flashlights, and for decorative and advertising lighting. Incandescent bulbs are much much less efficient than other kinds of electric lighting.

Less than 5% of the energy they devour is converted into visible mild; the remainder is released as heat. The luminous efficacy of a typical incandescent bulb for a hundred and twenty V operation is sixteen lumens per watt (lm/W), in contrast with 60 lm/W for a compact fluorescent bulb or 100 lm/W for typical white LED lamps. The heat produced by filaments is utilized in some purposes, such as heat lamps in incubators, lava lamps, Edison effect bulbs, and the easy-Bake Oven toy. Quartz envelope halogen infrared heaters are used for industrial processes comparable to paint curing and area heating. Incandescent bulbs typically have shorter lifetimes in comparison with different varieties of lighting; around 1,000 hours for dwelling gentle bulbs versus sometimes 10,000 hours for compact fluorescents and 20,000-30,000 hours for lighting LEDs. Most incandescent bulbs will be replaced by fluorescent lamps, high-depth discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some governments have begun a phase-out of incandescent gentle bulbs to reduce power consumption.

Historians Robert Friedel and Paul Israel record inventors of incandescent lamps previous to Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison of Common Electric. They conclude that Edison's version was the first practical implementation, able to outstrip the others because of a mix of four components: an efficient incandescent materials; a vacuum increased than other implementations which was achieved by using a Sprengel pump; a high resistance that made power distribution from a centralized supply economically viable, and the event of the related elements required for a big-scale lighting system. Historian Thomas Hughes has attributed Edison's enterprise success to his development of a complete, EcoLight built-in system of electric lighting. The lamp was a small part in his system of electric lighting, and no more important to its efficient functioning than the Edison Jumbo generator, the Edison main and feeder, and the parallel-distribution system. Other inventors with generators and incandescent lamps, and with comparable ingenuity and excellence, have lengthy been forgotten as a result of their creators did not preside over their introduction in a system of lighting.

In 1761, Ebenezer Kinnersley demonstrated heating a wire to incandescence. Nevertheless such wires tended to melt or oxidize very quickly (burn) within the presence of air. Limelight turned a popular type of stage lighting within the early 19th century, by heating a bit of calcium oxide to incandescence with an oxyhydrogen torch. It was not brilliant enough nor did it final lengthy sufficient to be sensible, however it was the precedent behind the efforts of scores of experimenters over the subsequent seventy five years. Davy also demonstrated the electric arc, by passing high current between two items of charcoal. For the next forty years a lot research was given to turning the carbon arc lamp into a practical technique of EcoLight lighting. The carbon arc itself was dim and violet in color, emitting most of its power in the ultraviolet, but the constructive electrode was heated to only beneath the melting level of carbon and glowed very brightly with incandescence very close to that of sunlight.

Arc lamps burned up their carbon rods very rapidly, expelled harmful carbon monoxide, and tended to supply outputs within the tens of kilowatts. Subsequently, they were only sensible for EcoLight lighting lighting large areas, so researchers continued to seek for a method to make lamps suitable for dwelling use. Over the primary three-quarters of the nineteenth century, many experimenters labored with various combinations of platinum or iridium wires, carbon rods, and evacuated or semi-evacuated enclosures. Many of those devices were demonstrated and some were patented. In 1835, James Bowman Lindsay demonstrated a continuing electric gentle at a public meeting in Dundee, Scotland. He stated that he may "learn a e-book at a distance of 1 and a half ft". Nonetheless he did not develop the electric light any additional. In 1838, Belgian lithographer Marcellin Jobard invented an incandescent light bulb with a vacuum ambiance using a carbon filament. In 1840, British scientist Warren De la Rue enclosed a coiled platinum filament in a vacuum tube and passed an electric present via it.